Kiln for drying char.



. R. S. KENT.

. KILN FOR DRYING CHAR. A-PPLIOAvTION I'ILED APR.27, 1912. f

- Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

noBERT s. KENT, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK'.

lKILN ron ini-WING. eine.

i T dill i 'Be-,it knownl that-"fl, ROBERT .S.'KENT, a

citize'n of.v the United'States, and a resident of `Brooklyn, in the county. of Kingsland lState ot New York, have invented certain ny new and useful Improvements in Kilnsdor Drying Char, of which .the following is a speciiication.

Tiiisinvenaon eine to runs for drying char andis an improvement' upon the inventionsdisclosed in my priorPatents No.

972,002, granted Oct. 4,1910, and No:

.'-1,00l,176, granted lSept. 26, 1911.

In my aforesaid prior patents the product of combustion from a fire-box. were 'dist-rbuted out over thel tops-of 4a pair of baie-wallsfroni the center of thekiln tovwird-opposite sides thereof `and traveled.

downward from t-he upper toward the lower ends of the retoits, coming into contact first with the' upper ends of the pipes. It has been found in practice that this results in a somewhat l uneven distribution of' the products of combustion tothe two sets of baffle-walls.A

retorts located atopposite sides'4 of these.

One of theprincipal objectsot my pres-l ent invention is to avoid this uneven dis tribution of the products of combustion froni the Firebox, a'n eten distribution being effected by delivering said products from a fire-bon located atone side`- of the kiln to a. single set of retorts located atthe other side of the kiln and having a lbattlewallbetweenv them and the tire-box. In

order that the upper parts of the retorts may not be heatedjexcessively I provide'alsov for deliveringthese hot products in such a 'spaces substantially horizontally toward the opposite wall of the kiln,and downward coward-the lower ends of. the retorts -aiidf-.a suitable outlet or outlets.. The oulet 'from l Vthe-kiln fon the spent products. of coin-bus Specification of Letters Patent.

tion.' -is preferably. through the baiiie-wall,

'and preferably .provided 'with openf- PatentedA-pr. alieni.

' Appunti@ meu-iipri127,191a seriaiNassaJzs.-

ings corresponding in number tolfthe .a dja .cent retorts and s'o located .as to be in line l with the individual retort-s of the' row'near# est thebtime-wall, the object of this being "to assure the utilization of as inucli as possible ofthe heat of these gaseous products at the lower ends of the retort pipes.

' Other features of the invention' nothere.- inbefore referred to will be hereinafter described and claimed and are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in,which,

- Figure 1 is a transverse" section of a. kiln l embodying ni'y present improvements, and

Fig. Q is alongitudinal section ofthe saine `through the combustion chaniber'of the kiln.' parts in Similarv characters ,designate like all the figures of the drawings.

Most ofthe parts constitutingr the kiln are or nia-y be of any well-known .or suitable. construction. In. these kilns all of the walls are u sually of brick and this vis the construction shown herein, the reartwall 'of the i kilnbeing designated by 3, and the sidewalls byet'and 5. fire-box and a set .of retort-pi -es are lo-- cated vasin niy prior pateiitsg n thepre'svBetween the'wa'lls 4 and 5 aA ent case, however, the tire-box is not located.; atthe. center of the. kiln lbut at 'one side' .'tl'iereof, and the retort-pipes occupy sub'-4 stantially the remainder of the space in the.

Any suitable. type of heating ineans mayY 'kiln, except for that necessary 'for'- a bailie,-

wall 'between the lire-box and the retorts."

be employed 'in connection with the other.

features of this kiln, butvwhatevertype is used vwill -bel'ocated at .one side of the kiln f close tothe wall 5. illust-rated embodies a pair of oil inlet de-l vices, "C5-.6, at-opposite sides' of the'kiln,'y .which devices maybe of any' approved type.

The floor ofl the lire-'box or .combustion 1 chamber properis here illustrated as formed The heating Anieans by brickwork, 7,4 having substantially equi- `distant openings, 8, therein, thi/...ugh which air may bevsupplied tofthe two jets of oil entering through the devices 46. A large air chamber or fresh air box is shown atV 9 `through which air is constantlyv su aplied to the openingsS` just described. This fresh aii" 'extends through the kiln from 'frentto nio..

back thereof, but, as shown in Fig. 1, is of relatively small width. It is disposed in position to have the entering fresh air heated thoroughly by the hot gases circulating 5, around the fresh air box in the space 10.

The retorts employed extend, as is usual, from the top to the bot-tom of the kiln and receive their supplies at their upper ends in the usual manne.rand deliver the puriiied char from th-eir lo\'ver ends into cooler tubes (not `shown)"l'ocated' below the floor ofthe kiln, also as usual. These retorts are ordinarily arranged in a set made up of a plurality of rows which are usually equidistant from one another and in each of which rows the tubes are also equidistant and similarly located; so that the tubes are in alinement in rows both lengthwise and crosswise of the kiln. The retort-pipes themselves Imay be of any usual or suitable type, they being illustrated herein as of elliptical cross-section, with the ends or points of t-he ellipses facing toward the respective walls i and 5 of t-he kiln.

As in my prior patents, the hottest products of combustion are intended to come into lcontact first with the upper ends of the retort-pipes and then rtravel downward around said pipes toward the lower ends thereof, the heat being gradually abstracted in the t-ravel of the gases. For the pur- .pose of obtaining this result I employ, as

in my former patents, a baille-wall for .directing these hot products up toward the top of the kiln and toward the upper ends of the retorts; but instead of locating this baffle-wall near the center of the kiln asin my former patents it isv located quite near one of the side walls, here the wall o, only sufficient space being left between said bafflewall and this side wall for the fire-box and cooperative parts. As in my prior patents, this baffle-wall serves as a curtain wall between the. fire-box and the retorts in the retort-chamber to screen -the greater portion of the length of 'each retort from the greatest heat vof the fire-box and assure the delivery of these hot products into contact with the retort-s only after the gases have reached the upper portion of the kiln. A baffle-wall suitable for the purpose is illus# trated at 11. It preferably has a series of openings lnear its upper end for the purpose of delivering the hot products of com bustion into the zone of the retorts; but in order that the action of these very hot gases may take place as gradually as possible said openings are preferably located in positions to register with the corresponding spaces between the pipes of the first row. Ihis will be clear by referring particularly to Fig. 2 in which these openings are shown at 12, and are inline with the openings beiti) tween the retort-piped. the center line. of- G5'i said retort-pipes being indlcated -and being midway between the centers of the openings 12. Thus the hot products issuing from the out-lets 12 do not strike directly'ltgainst the broad surfaces of the pipes but through spaces between adjoining pipes,"'preferably of elliptical cross-section and having their major transverse axes in the line of flow of the gases.

It will be noticed that the hot products issuing through these outlets 12 near the top of the kiln are intended to take a substantially horizontal course across the kiln to the opposite wall a thereof and thus travel all the way froln one side to the other of the kiln. They are also intended to travel downward from the tops to the bottoms of all the retorts of the set. In order that this action may be assured provision may be made for positively circulating said productsacross the kiln from oneside to the other and then back again. A convenient means for bringing about this result is flanges, such as 13, projecting from each of the retort-pipes, which pipes are designated respectively by 14. These flanges are preferably substantially rectangular-in this case oblong-in cross-section and of such area that when the pipes are in place the edges of the flanges of different pipes will come in Contact with one another and form a practically continuous partition across the kiln in the retort area thereof. Thus positive provision is made for accomplishing in a kiln of this type, that is, a kiln having its fire-box at one side instead of in the center' of the kiln, the same result which it was one of the principal objects of the inventions disclosed in my aforesaid prior patents to obtain, to wit: to provide for subjecting the descending char in each retort-pipe to the greatest heat at its upper end and less heat at its intermediate and,

lower portions in order to drive out as much as possible of the contained water, etc., at an early stage in the descent of the char, and thus avoid as much as possible the necessity of having to drive out a large'perccntage of moisture from the char at the lower ends of the retorts by forcing such moisture up through the descending column. In other words, I retaiIrtlie advantage disclosed in the aforesaid patents of driving out the maximum amount of moisture initially by applying as much heat as possible to the upper ends of the retorts so that the descending columns of char will be as free from moisture as possible at the lower ends of the retorts, and the remaining moisture can be driven ofl most readily through the upper portions of the descending mass.

In order toassure the extraction of as large a number of heat units as po yiblc fromthe circulating products of com ustion, these will preferably not only have their outlets at the lower part of the kiln near the bottom` thereof, but the outlets therefor-will preferably be so disposed as -f 'acts into the liuc.

partially to retard the efflux of these prod- For this reason I have shown g-aplurality of outlets, 15, near the bottom of the baiilefwall 11', which outlets instead of registering `with the spaces be-v tween the pipes 14 are staggered with respect to' said'spaces and disposed'in aliner'nent with the major'transverse axes .of said' ing through ythe' fresh air bo-X 9, vertical walls, I6, preferably-.of re brick, being shown herein for directing the ow of these 'products through theopenings l5, up aroundthe Afresh aipqhox 9, and out through the chamber l() inte-fthefqiitlet pipes, I'and in a substantially horizontal path.

i8, leading to th' met ff n Win 'be eared am uis van 5 @if theres;

is arched ,inward at its upper endI and unites with thebaflie-wall lljat the upperA end of 'the lat-ter V-toform a complete fire-brick,

struct-ure and also direct the products of, combustion` from the lire-box aerossthe kiln p Each of the 'openings-'l2 in the bathe-wallet the up- 'per 'endthereof is also sho-wn as beveled rat;

its lower 'end at.12 to conform appro-xiv;=

'mately tothe curved4 wall .5v and .to facili,-I

. tate the flow of the product-s of combustion.

f ,bination with a' fire-boxv located vato'ne,

At their point of junction thetwo walls 5 and il are connected and braced and secured to the upper parts of the apparatus (not shown) by suitable angle and'channel irons, such as A9, 20,andV 2l. The manner in. which these lare combined and coperate with the walls to tie the parts together and' brace them will be obvious. The space bey tween the two upper portions of the walle- 'may be filled with sand or othersuit-ablef heat resisting material as shown.

\ What I claim is'. v l, In a kiln for rev'ivifying char, the combination with a re-box'located 'at one sidei onlyof the kiln, of a set of retort-pipes contained in a retort-chamber located at the other side of the kiln which retort-chamber is closed at the side farthest from the fire?. boit, and means including a free passage of considerabie length from the `zone of combustion of the iire-boX to the upper ends, ofthe retort-,pipes for circulating products of cornbiistion from theli're-bx in contactwith said retbrtpipes'k and from one side ctherof said retort-chamber; u

2.' In a kiln for revivifying'chanthe corn#` the vfi y pipes to the l of the kiln, of a set of retort-pipes contained in a retort-chamber located at the otherside of the kiln which retort-chamber is closed. at the sid box tothe uppefendsuof the retort- 'circulating the major portion of the products of combustion froni'said vlirebox through lthe retort-chamber in Contact [with the retort-pipes and from the upper tob 'wardxthe lower end offisaid ,chamber ,and

'from one 'side to theother thereof.

y arthest from the ire-boxiand meansfin'cludlng a freepassa'gefof consider- `ablelength .from the zone of combustion of Y3. In a kilnfor reyivifyin'g char, the coin-l vbinat-ion with a lire-box,l of ja row of spaced yretort-pipes of substantially elliptical crosssect-ion Acontained in `a retort -chamber located at one side of the fire-box and disposed with the major axes of, their cross-sections.

crosswise of the kiln, which retortfchamber is closed .at the'side farthest from therebox, an outlet near the bottom of the retortchamber for t-he products of combustion,

and a balawall disposed lengthwise of the kiln vbetween the fire-box and said set of retortpipes and of sufficient height'to direct the hottest products of combustion up to the upper portions of the retort-pipes and cause said products' of 'combustion to circulate downward from said point and out through' said'outlet, said baltlewall having a row V.of outlets to the zone of the retort-pipes which outlets register respectively with the spaces Vbetween lthe retort-pipes of said row;

et. In a kiln for revivifying char, the combination with a fire-box located at one side of the kiln, of a set ofretort-pipes contained y in a retort-chamber located at the other side of vthe kiln which'retort-c'hamber is closed'at the side4 farthest from the firebox, an outlet for-the lproducts of combustion, and a baffle-wall near one side of the kiln and be-y tween the fire-box and said retort-'pipes and forming with the walls of the kiln a subi stantially closed vcombustion chamberl with outlets `through the upper portion of the battle-wall to the Zone ofthe retort-pipes f5. In a kiln for revivifying char,-the combinationwith a fire-box located at one side of the kiln, of -a set of retort-pipes contained in aretort-chamber located at theother side 5 of the kiln which retort-chamber is closed at the side farthest from the tire-box, and a baile-wal'lnear one side of the kiln between the fire-box and said retort-pipes and 'form-l ing with the walls of the kiln a substantially closed combustion chamber with outlets through the 4upper portion of the battle-wuall i ,'to the: zonefof the ret-ort-pipesifand outlets.v I

fromthe lower portion of saidfzonetothe V12-5i nue; g

,6; In a biatioxi vwith a {ire-born, of 'ai row"v of fspaced reto .Sec

rtfpip'es of substantially elliptical? crossl tion containing a retortechamber' located,

at one side of the tire-box and disposed with the major axes of their crosssect1ons` crosswise of the kiln which retort-chamber is 'closed at the side farthest from the lire-box,

and a baffle-wall nearpnefside of the kiln between the {ire-box and said retort-pipes and forming with the walls of the kiln a substantially closed combustion chamber with outlets -through thejupper portion of the battle-wall to the zone ofthe retort-A pipes which outlets re 'ster' with the spaces` between said 'retort-pipes, said baille-wall also having outlets from the lower portion of said zone to the flue which outlets are substantially in'alinement with the aforesaid major axes of the retort-pipes.

7. In a kiln for revivifying char, the combination with a lire-box located at one side of the kiln, of a set of retort-pipes containing a retort-chamber located at the other side of vthe kiln which retortchamber is closed at the side farthest from the lire-box, a side wall inclined inwardly at its upper end, an outlet for the products of combustion, and a baille-wall adjacent to said side wall and between it and said retort-pipes and forming with said side wall a substan# tially closed combustion chamber with outlets through the upper portion of the baillewall to the zone of the retort-pipes.

8. vIn a kiln for revivifying char, the com-l bination with' a re-boX located atone side of the kiln, of a set of retort-pipes containing a retort chamber looatedat the other V side of the kiln which retort-chamber is closed at theside farthest from the fire-box,

' a side wall inclined inwardly atits upper end, an out-let for the products of combusation,l and aj baftle-'walhsecured directly to the upper end -of said inclined side wall near the roof of the kiln and disposed between said wall and the retort-pipes andy forming with said side wall a substantially closed combustion chamber with outlets1 through the upper portion of the baffle-wall to the zone of the retort-pipes.

9. In a kiln for revivifying char, the combinat-ion with a fire-box, of a set ofretortpipes, a baille-wall between said retort-pipes and' the lire-box and of sullicient height to direct the hottest p'roducts of combustion up to the upper portions of the retort-pipes' and cause said products of combustion to circulate downward from said point toward the 4lower ends of the retort-pipes, saidbalile-wallV having an outlet at the bot-l tom thereof, a fresh air box coperative with the fire-box for supplying fresh air to the fuel, and a chamber surrounding said fresh air boX and communicating at its opposite ends respectively with said outlet through the baille-wall and with the flue.

10. In a -kiln for revivi-fying char, the combination with oil-burning` means near 11. In a kiln for reviviying char, thev combination with oil-burning means located at one side only of the kiln, of `a set of retortpipes contained in a retort-chamber located at the other side of the kiln which retort-chamber is closed at the side farthest from the lire-box, and means includin .a free passage of considerable length from t e zone of conibustion to the upper ends of the retortpipes forcirculatingproducts of combustion from said oil-burnin means in contact with said retort-pipes an from one side to the other of said retort-chamber.

12. In a kiln for revivifying char, the

combination 'with oil-burning means located at one side of the kiln, of a set of retort- .pipes contained in a retort-chamber located at the other side ofthe kiln which retortchamber is closed at the side farthest from the fire-box, and means including a free passage of considerable length from the zone of combustion to t-he upper ends of the rctort-pipes for circulating the major portion of the products of combustion from said oil-burning means in contact with the r-.

tort-pipes and from the upper to the lower ends thereof and from one side to the other of the retort-chamber.

13. In a kiln for revivifying char,- the combination with a fire-box located at om` side only ofthe kiln; of 'a set or retort-pipes contained in a `retort-chamber located 'at the other sidel of the kiln which retortychamber is -closed at the side farthest from the fire-box, and means including a free passage of considerable length from the zone of combustion to the upper ends of the rctortpipes for circulating products of combustion` from the tire-box in` contact with said -ret'ort-pipesand from one side to the Vother of said kiln said means including,r a

substantially horizontal partition extending froml the fire-box zone to a point adjacent to the opposite wall of the kilnf 14. In a kiln for revivifying char, the combination with a. lire-box located at one side of the kiln, of a set ofretort--pipes at the other side of the kiln, and-means for circulating products of combustion.from the lire-box in contact with said. V retort-pipes and from one side to the other ,of said kiln llO 

